Red maple Leaves can be extremely toxic to horses, but the frequency of clinical problems is fairly low. Silver maples can also be involved. These trees are very common and often have been in the horse's paddocks for many years. The toxic principal has not been identified but causes rupture of red blood cells(hemolysis) and methemaglobinemia (...
There's an article here with photos of red maples and more information: http://www.agnr.umd.edu/news/article.cfm?id=0fbcf86f0a5a5a8f00808e07078e1e43
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